wfma mer‚ fhdaOhkag
fhdaO Yla;sh ÿka lEu jÜfgdarefõ ryi
ÿla.kakdrd<
mrmqf¾ we;a;ka <Õ ;ju;a tu jÜfgdarej ;sfhkjd
rfÜ w;S; iqúi,a
bÈlsÍï w;rg .efkk uyd od.eí" jeõ wuqKq" we< ud¾."
n,fldgq" f.dvke.s,s" ux udj;a ;ekqfjda idudkH ck;dj fkdj fhdaO Yla;sh
we;s fhdaOfhda hehs wfma rfÜ ;sfnk ckm%sh u;hls' Wiska" uy;ska"
Yla;sfhka w;sYh oejka;hska f,i wm wid we;s fhdaOhska yenEjgu ljqrekao@ Tjqka
id;sYh foayOdÍka o@ fhdaOhska ,la fmdf<dfjka
je<,S .sfha flfiao@ hk b;d idOdrK .eg¨ /ila wm
yuqfõ b;sßj we;' ieneúkau Tjqkaf.a lsisÿ fN!;sl fYaIhla" wiaÓ fYaIhla yuq
ù ke;'
bka lshfjkafka l=ulao@ wm j;auka fhdaOhka f,i
l;dka;rj, olsk mqoa.,hka we;af;kau Wiska" uy;ska hq;=
oejeka;hka fkdjk njhs' Tjqka fhdaOhka f,i kï lf<a Tjqka i;= wê
Yodayanudkisl" wê ldhsl" Yla;Ska fya;=fjka úh yelsh' w;S;fha fhdaOhka
jQfha oejeka; YÍr iys; ñksiqka
úfYaIhla fkdjk njg
;¾l lsysmhla we;'
• lsisÿ mqrdúoHd;aul
leŒulska fhdaOhl=g whs;s lsisÿ wiaÓhla" o;la fyda fjk;a lsisÿ fN!;sl
fYaIhla yuq ù fkdue;'
• udkj cdk úYaf,aIKhlska lsisÿ whqrlska
fhdaO udkj me,eka;shla ;ekSug wjeis m%;scdkd;aul m%ckk Yla;Ska fyda ã'tka'ta'
ffi, ksIamdokhla jQ njg idOl fkdue;'
fhdaOhd jQ l,S
wêIaGdkYS,S ldhsl udkisl Yla;Ska Wmßufhka l%shdjg kexjQ w;S; ñksidh' .eyekshh'
Tjqka tn÷ úl%uhka mdkakg fm< .eiqfka flfiao@ YdÍßl Yla;sh yd udkisl Yla;sh
fidnd Yla;sh iu. uqiq lr.;a l, m%Ndj;a" m%;dmj;a fhdaOfhda ìys fkdfõo @
ta nj fy<s jkafka
jdi, uqÈhkafia,df.a f.or lsß nKavd ÿla.kakd rd<f.a ft;sydisl ;,am;a lS
l;dj,sks'
rcjdi, uq¿;ekaf.hs
Ndrj isá mrïmrdjl mqrella fidhd yi,l ú,a.uqfõ hdh 2 le,E .ïudkhg .sfhñ'
rdclSh fNdackd.drfha
ÿla.kakdrd< mrmqf¾ mqrela folla yuq jqfkñ' Tjqka bx.%Sis wdKavqfõ
m<s.ekSïj,g ,la jQ 1818 § msgqjy,a lrk ,o foaYSh isrlrejka ,ehsia;=fõ isák
foaYøෝySka hehs frdnÜ n%jqkaß.af.a Woyig ,la jQ
mrmqf¾ isákafkda fj;s'
Wvrg ksoyia wr.,hg
iydh ÿka njg fpdaokd ,en mdkug msg;a lr yßk ,o lKavdhu 1818 ud¾;= 16 od mdku
mÈxÑhg meñ‚ w;r bka fldgila l=, ySkhka iu. ñY%j mÈxÑ lrjd n,y;aldrfhka újdy
lrjd jxYj;a mjq,a ish,a, iqkq úiqkq lroa§ fudjqka mdkñka mekf.dia ryfia
f.dm,a,ka f,i ú,a.uqfõ hdh 2 .ïudkhg je§ ÿlfia l,a.; lrhs'
ÿla.kakdrd<
mrmqf¾ ;snQ b;d jeo.;a mqiafld< fmd;a /ila
bx.%Siska mq¿iaid oud ;sfí' ta w;ßka iÕjdf.k meñ‚ b;d w.kd mqiafld< fmd;lska Wmqgd .;a ryia Tiq
lsysmhla yd iy,a m%fNao" flfi,a" m,;=re" w, j¾. yd le| j¾.
lsysmhla fufia fm<.iajkq
,nhs'
me/kafkda Èklg fõ,a
02la n;a wdydrhg .;a;dy' l=rlalka" wuq" fufkaß jeks ;DK mjqf,a OdkH fyda w, j¾.
fldia" fo,a" lgq w, jeks fnda.hka f;jk fõ,g ißlr .kS' rcf.hs iy,a j¾.
125la .nvd lrk ,o w;r tajdhska rcqg wjeis mßÈ rcqf.a fi!LH ;;a;ajh" mj;sk ld,.=K" foaY.=K ;;a;ajh" ksfrda.S
Ndjh i,ld n,d Yla;sh j¾Okh flfrk iy,a j¾. f;dard fírd f.k wdydr ieliqfõ wfma
l;dkdhl mrmqf¾ wdÈ;uhka nj Tjqyq b;d f.!rjfhka mji;s'
mdrïmdßl ù j¾.
3000lg jvd jeä m%udKhla foaYSh f.dúhd i;=j meje;sks' wo jk úg tajdhska lsysmhla
muKla b;sßj we;' rcud,s.hg yd o<od ud,s.hg ms<sfh< lrk ,o ù m%fNao
125ls' foaYSh ù j¾.j,ska Yla;sh wêlj uqody, w;ru Ôù ffi, ;=<
ksIamdokh jk wys;lr
úI ;;a;ajhka keiSug wjeis m%;sTlaisldrl .=Kh by< w.hla .kS' Èhjeähdj"
fldf,iagfrda,a" yDo frda. wdÈh keiSu ksrdhdifhkau isÿ fjhs' mdrïmßl ù
j¾.j, m%;sTlaisldrl .=Kh 0'2 isg 3'7 olajd by< w.hla .kS' jeäÈhqKq lrk ,o
j;auka ù j¾.j, th 0'7 isg 2'1 olajd wvq w.hla .kS' ksjqvq iy,aj, ;snQ Ô¾Kuh
;;a;ajh wo jk úg we;s iqmsßisÿ iy,a j,ska lsisúfgl fkd,efnhs'
rcf.or uq¿;ekaf.hs
kdhl;ajh ysñlr .;a ÿla.kakdrd<jre rcqf.a fi!LH iïmkak nj yd ksfrda.S nj
ms<sn|j fl;rï ie,ls,su;a jQfõo h;a fohshkaf.a fj, jeks rcqg OdkH iemhQ fj,a
l=Uqre fj; hdu fmdÿ ckhdg
;ykïj ;snQ w;r rdclSh wgqfõ ;ekam;a lrk OdkH ms<sn| j.lSuo ord we;' iun, wdydr fõ,lg wjeis fy< wjq¿ mjd b;d
m%fõYï iy.;j j.d flf¾' fy< wjq¿ jkdys t<j¿ hkafkys m¾hdh mohhs'
o<od ud,s.h iy
rcf.or fNdackhg ms<sfh< jQ fNdack w;rg fi!LH iïmkak le| j¾. úfYaI úh'
w;=remi i|yd flfi,a
m%uqL úh' ishhlg jvd wêl jQ flfi,a j¾. w;r ta ish¨ flfi,a j¾. w;ßka T!Iëh .=K
yd fmdaIŒh
jákdlu Ô¾K moaO;shg ys;lr nj fln÷o hkak fï ÿla.kakdrd<jre ish w;aoelSfuka
mjihs'
lsß nKavd yd iqÿ
nKavd fidhqrka fofokd rcf.hs ÿla.kakdrd< ;k;=f¾ lghq;= ms<sn|j ish
mrïmrdfjka W.;a f;dr;=re uy;a f.!rjfhka
bÈßm;a lrk w;r ;uqkaf.a ó uq;a;d rdc mrmqrgu {d;S;ajhla olajkakd jQ
ÿla.kakdrd< ;k;=frys m%ùKfhlehs mjihs' ó uq;a;d fikr;a rcqf.a
ÿla.kakdrd<hs'
W!j fj,a,iai ksoyia
wr.,fha§ rdclSh ÿla.kakdrd<jreka iqÿ lsÍgfha Woyig ,lajk foaYøෝySka njg m;aúh' ;%ia;jdohg ìh jQ fudjqyq w;HjYHu foa muKla /f.k
ueo uykqjßka m,d .shy' ta hk w;r;=r§ fmÜg.fï oefjñka ;snQ w.kd T!IO yd ryiH
fnfy;a jÜfgdare iy rcqf.a iqúfYaIS wdydr lÜg,a iys; mqiafld< fmd;a fol jdi, uqÈhkafia,df.a
f.or lsß nKavd ÿla.kakdrd< úiska we¢ j;g wu;rj /f.k m,d f.dia ;sìu ish rdcldßh bgql< whqre iy
jD;a;Sh f.!rjh wdrlaId l< whqre isys .kakd jQ lÈu wjia:djls'
fuu mqiafld< fmd;a foflys m;a bre .Kk úis
wgls' ta ;=< md,s moHfhka ,shjqKq ryiH fnfy;a jÜfgdare y;la uy jdi,
uq¿;ekaf.hs ld¾hdj,sh oelafjk le| úfYaI" m,;=re" m<d i|yka lrhs' fuu iqúfYaIS jQ mqiafld< fmd;a lsisÿ ixrlaIKhlg Ndckh
ù ke;s w;r tajd ixrlaIKh lsÍug yd fl!;=ld.drfha ;eìug Tjqka ue,s fõ' ta ;=<
wka;¾.; ish¨ f;dr;=re
ms<sn| mq¿,a m¾fhaIKhla uúiska l< neúka
tys ;snQ m%;HlaI T!IO yd jdÔlrK T!IO w;=ßka lsysmhla fuys bÈßm;a lrkq ,efí'
kyr wm%d‚l;ajh
uq¿ukskau kid,k fmaIS yd wiaÓ iq/flk" fydafudak j¾Okh fõ.j;a lrk lsisÿ
fjk;a Wmøjhkaf.ka f;dr fnfy;a jÜfgdare folla ;uka i;= nj;a tajdfhys m%;HlaI
m%;sM, ,nd we;s nj;a fï fidhqfrda fofokd i|yka lr;s' mqxÑ ue‚fla ud;dj fï
fofokdf.au ìß|hs' fudjqkag ore oeßfhda oy;=ka fofkla oekg
81 yd 79 úfhys miqjk
whshd" uf,da fofokdf.a ìßkaoE jQj;a ;ju;a b;d ksfrda.Sj isg iEu wdydr
fõ,lgu ue,a¨ula tl;=
lr .kakd mqreoaola iys; úia;D; mjq,ls'
mqrdK Y%S ,dxlslhd
udkisl Yla;sfhkao" Ñ;a; tald.%;djfhkao" lsisfjl=g;a offjks fkdjQ nj
fYaI ù we;s ks¾udKhka wmg lshd mdhs' .,a lKq 1600lska ks¾ñ; f,dajduydmdhg È.a .f,a isg mdIdK l=¨kq ks¾udKh fldg m%jdykh
lf<a flfiao@ ta i|yd foay Yla;shg wu;rj Ñ;a; Yla;sh Ndjkd jeks jHdhdufhka
<Õd lr.;a nj fmkS hhs' tmuKla
fkdj f,dj wk.s;u ks¾udK .Khg .efkk uQ¾;s" Ñ;%" wdNrK riúkaokfhka wkQk
.eÈ meÈ idys;H ish,a,la w;S; {d;Syq ish ld¾hh idm,H;d w;ßka wmg b;sßlr ;sfí'
jhi wjqreÿ 13 isg 59 olajdu ldka;dfjda orejka
ìys lsÍfï Yla;sfhkao" msßñka i;=j wjqreÿ 75 jk;=re m%ckk Yla;sfhka hq;= jQ
nj ÿla.kakdrd< mrmqfrka meyeÈ,s fõ' ta i|yd úfYaIs; wdydr" flï
l%u" mdk j¾. y÷kdf.k ;snQ w;r ldhsl Yla;sh" udkisl tald.%;djh yd
ne÷kq me/kafkda iajlSh j¾.hdf.a hy meje;au yd wNsjDoaêh fjkqfjka wdfhdack b;sß
lsÍï j¾Okh lr ;sfí'
y;rfldar<fha
nq,;afldyqmsáh lekaoj .fï äx.sß ue‚fla uy;añh ÿla.kakdrd< mrmqf¾ Èh‚hls'
orejka 18 fofkl=f.a ujla jk weh W;a;=x. l÷ ;rKh lrkqfha ;ju;a ish YdÍßl Yla;sh
j¾;udk uõjrekag fmkajñks' — isxy, wjqreÿ odg 146 fofkla nq,;a fokak tkjd'˜ ta ùfrdaodr
ud;djf.a i;=ghs' 146 fokd ;u ore oeßhkaf.a ore uqKqmqrka mu‚' wjqreÿ 61§ Wmka
isßhdj;S fï ujf.a nvmsiaish fõ' — isßhdj;S bmfokfldg f,dl= ÿjf.a mq;d lido
ne|,;a bjrhs'˜ fï mrïmrd OQrdj,sfha i;H jq iajrEmhhs'
flfiakuqÿ
ÿla.kakdrd< mrmqf¾ we;af;da cd;shg lshk m‚jqvhla we;' ta wfklla fkdj wdfrday
mßKdy foayhlska h<s ke.S isákakg kï w;S; Wreuh f,i yhd.;a uqúka n,d isákq
yer ta W;a;=x. ks¾udK l< ñksidf.a Yla;Ska Wrd .kakg lghq;= lrkakehs lrk
wdhdpkhhs'
úrdÊ ksrxcka nd,iQßh
lakbima
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