wjqreÿ 17l fl,a,l ksid ysf¾ .sh 76 yeúßÈ ysgmq b;d,s w.ue;s
oYl foll foaYmd,k
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nka.dz ido ish ksjfia mj;ajñka tu ldrKh hg .ikakg ish n,h wksis f,i fh¥ b;d,s
w.ue;s is,aúfhd fn¾¨iafldksg
i;a wjqreÿ isro~qjula kshu flß‚' wo uq¿ f,dalfhau wjOdkhg yd l;dnyg ,lajk fï
i,a,d, b;d,s w.ue;s ljqo@
is,aúfhd fn¾¨iafldks b;d,sfha ñ,dka kqjr uOHu mdka;sl
mjq,l Wm; ,enqfõ 1936 iema;eïn¾ 29 fjksodh' ¨hq.s fn¾f,diafldks ^1908-1989& kï jQ Tyqf.a mshd nexl= ks,Odßfhl= jQ w;r uj
frdaid fndiS ^1911-2008& jQjdh' is,aúfhd fn¾f,diafldks" orejka
;sfokl=f.ka hq;= fuu mjqf,a
jeäuy,a mq;%hd jQ w;r Tyqg nd, ifydaoßhla yd ifydaorfhlao jQy'
ief,aishka oaú;Shsl úoHd,fhka wOHdmkh ksud
l< Tyq ñ,dka ys kS;s úoHd,fhka kS;sh yodrd 1991§ f.!rj Wmdêhla Èkd .;af;a
fjf<| m%pdrKfha ffk;sl wxYh ms<sn| m¾fhaIK .%ka:hla m%ldYhg m;a lrñks'
úYajúoHd, wOHdmkh ,nk wjêfha§ Tyq ;+¾H jdol lKavdhul jdolfhl=fia l%shd l<
w;r wec ñ,dka lKavdhul f;aud .S;ho m%nkaO lf<ah' tfiau 2003§ yd 2006§
ms<sfj<ska kshefmd,sgka .dhl ußhdfkd wemsfi,d iu. tlaj .S
tl;= folla i|yd f.ah mo rpkhka lf<ah'
Tyq m%:ufhkau újdy
jQfha 1965§ ld¾,d t,aùrd iu.h' tu újdyfhka Tyqg ußhd t,aùrd yd msfh¾ is,aúfhd
kñka orejka fofofkla jQy' tfy;a 1980 jk úg fjfrdaksld ,eßfhd
^óßhï n¾fgd,sks&
kï jQ iskud ks<sh iu. we;slrf.k ;snQ fma%u iïnkaO;djh u; wehgo orejka
;sfofkl= Tyqf.ka ,eì‚' fojeks ìß| jQ fjfrdaksldf.a jeäuy,a orejd 1984§ fuf,dj
t<sh ÿgq w;r ta jk úg Tyq uq,a újdyfhka Èlalidoj isáfha ke;' Tyqf.a uq,a ìß|
jQ ld¾,d t,aùrd vdf,d.sf,da f.ka kS;sfhka Èlalido jQfha 1985§h'
flfia kuq;a ,eßfhd
kï jQ ks<shj Tyq újdy lr.;af;a 1990§' Tyq jHjidhl;ajh Tiafia fnfyúka
ckm%sh;ajfha ysks fm;a;gu msúiS isá hq.hlh' tksidu Tyqf.a újdyh jHdmdßl f,dalh
;=< muKla fkdj uq¿ uy;a b;d,s iudch mqrdu úfYaI wjOdkhg ,lajQ iqúfYaIS
isoaêhla úh' tys idOkSh lreKla f,i i|yka l< yelafla tjlg b;d,s iudcjd§
mlaIfha kdhlhd fukau ysgmq w.ue;sjrhl= jQ fnáfkd l%elais is,aúfhdaf.a fojeks
ukud,hd f,i Tyq wi,ska isàuhs'
flfia kuq;a ,eßfhdao
Tyq iu. È.= l,la tl jy<la hg isàug ish n,j;a wm%idoh olajñka 2009 uehs
udifha§ is,aúfhdag tfrysj Èlalido kvqjla Widúfha f.dkq l<dh' tys m%;sM,hla
jYfhka 2012 foieïn¾ 28 jeksod is,aúfhda fn,a reialsg fjfrdaksld ,eßfhd kï jQ
ysgmq ìß|g jd¾Islj wefußldkq fvd,¾ ñ,shk 48la f.jkakg Widú ksfhda.hla ,eì‚'
tfiau wefußldkq fvd,¾ ñ,shk 100la jákd Tyqf.a ksjfia ish orejka ;sfokd iu. /fËkakg
Tyqg wjir ,eì‚'
udOH Ôú;h
1978 fn¾¨fkdials ish m%:u udOH jHdmdrh wdrïN lf<a
z*sksfjiaÜ kñkah' wjqreÿ myla .; fjoa§ tkï 1983 § Tyq bmehQ uqo, b;d,s ,srd
ì,shk 113 lajQ w;r th hqfrdaj,ska kï ñ,shk 58'3ls' fïjd i|yd wdOdr iemehQ wdh;k
fyda ixúOdk ;ju;a ryilaj mj;sk nj wdrxÑ ud¾. mjihs' ‘*sksfjiaÜ’ b;d blaukskau
cd;sl rEmjdyskS udOHhla fia mq¿,aj m%p,s; jQfha tjlg úoHq;a udOHfha taldêldrhla
mj;ajdf.k isá rEmjdyskS cd,hlg wNsfhda. lrñks' 1980' fn,areiafldks"
b;d,sfha uq,au fm!oa.,sl rEmjdyskS cd,h jk ^Åpop;{ 5& ys ks¾ud;Djrhd úh'
t;ekska fkdkej;S 1982 § bge,shd ‘bge,shd 1’ ^np;Vp& kï jQ kd,sldj o 1982
‘frfg’ ^wÊBÊ& kï jQ fm!oa.,sl kd,sldj o ia:dms; lrkakg iu;a úh' fn¾¨iafldks" b;d,sfha m<uq fukau tlu jd‚c
à'ù' wêldßho m%;sIaGdmkh lf<ah' Tyqg fuys§ mQ¾K iyfhda.h m< lf<a tjlg
b;d,s iudcjd§ mlaIfha uy f,alï
f,i fukau w.ue;s f,i lghq;= l< fnáfkda l%eialsh flfia fj;;a Tyqf.a udOH
cd,hka foaYmd,ksl jYfhka lsisfia;a iunr fkdjQ w;r wmlaImd;S njla fmkakqï
fkdl< mdroDYH núkao f;dr ikakfõok cd,hka úh' tys m%;sM,hla jQfha ñ,dka ys
Widúh u.ska Tyqg hqfrda ñ,shk 560la f.jkakg Widú wKlrhla ksl=;a lsÍuhs'
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weiqr
fumuKla fkdj Tyq
m%isoaO b;d,s ud*shd kdhlhka iu. o iómj weiqre l< flfkl= úh' ud*shd f,dalh
yd mej;s ióm in|;d fukau Tyq <dnd, hqj;shka weiqrgo f,d,a jQ mqoa.,fhl= ùu
Tyqf.a fojeks ìß| jQ fjfrdaksld Tyqf.ka
fjka fjkakgo fya;= jQ lreKla úh' 2009
wfma%,a ui wjidk Nd.fha újD; ixfoaYhla bÈßm;a lrñka fjfrdaksld ,eßfhd lshd isáfha fn¾¨iafldks ish foaYmd,k mlaI wfmalaIsldjka f,i
rEu;a " ,dnd, tfy;a lsisÿ foaYmd,k oelaula fyda oekqula ke;s hqj;shka
f;dard .ekSu ms<sn|j ;ud ish wm%idoh m< lrk njhs'
Tyq tys§ ish ìß|f.ka
m%isoaêfha laIudj wheo isáfha z;ud ue;sjrK jHdmdrhla fufyhjñka isáh§ fufia fpdaokd lsÍuz hym;a fkdjk nj mjiñkah' fufia .eáiaishka yd fkdfhla
jr mej;=Kq iïnkaOlï ms<sn|j Tyqg tfrysj fpdaokd ke.=K o fndfyda foa lKmsg
fm/¿fKa 2010 tjlg 17 jk úfha miq jQ
fudfrdlalka cd;sl lÍud t,a uyrE.a kï jQ kdáldx.kdjl yd ,sx.sl jD;a;slfhl= fia lghq;= lrk hqj;sh iu. weiqr ms<sn|j yg.;a wdkafoda,kh ksidh'
wehg Tyq úiska fvd,¾ 10"000 la f.jd we;s njgo udOH fy<sorõ lrhs' fuu k<Õk m%isoaOj isákafka ish
W;am;a;s kdufhka fkdj zreì rendflahdßz
kï wdrEV kulsks'
fuhg wu;rj 2010 uehs
udifha § weh úiska lrk ,o fidrlulg
jerÈldßhl ù ñ,dka fmd,sish
úiska wehj w;awvx.=jg .;a úg tjlg meÍisfha
isá fn¾¨iafldks ñ,dka
ys fmd,sia m%Odkshdg l;dfldg
wehj ksoyia lrk f,ig b,a,Sula lf<a weh Bðma;=fõ
zyqiaks uqndrlaf.a
{D;sjßhl f,i y÷kajd foñkah' uyrE.a fufkúh mqj;am;a j,g m%ldYhla ksl=;a lrñka
lshd isáfha weh lsis úfgl;a 74 yeúßÈ
fn¾¨iafldks iu. hyka .;
fkdjk nj;a" tfy;a Tyqf.a ñ,dka kqjr
msysá ukaÈrhlg .sh úg wehj Wvq uy,g le|jdf.k f.dia hqfrda 7000 la iy jákd wdNrK
;E.s l< nj;ah'
foaYmd,k Ôú;h
1994 isg 1995
olajd;a" 2001 isg 2006 olajd fukau 2008 isg 2011 olajd;a f;jrla u b;d,s
w.ue;s Oqrh oerE Tyq zñähdfiÜz kï jQ udOH wdh;kfha fldgia ysñlrefjl= jk w;r
wela ñ,dka kï mdmkaÿ ix.ufha ysñlrejdo fjhs'
tfiau miq hqo ld,
mßÉf–ohl §¾> ld,Skj b;d,sfha w.ue;s f,i lghq;= l< tlu mqoa.,hd o Tyqu
mu‚' Tyq b;d,s w.ue;sjrhd f,i isõ jrla
Èjqreï ÿka kuqÿ tl, isÿjQ leìkÜ ixfYdaOkhla yd iu.dój Tyqg tfrysj f.k wd
úYajdiNx. fhdackdjlska 2005 jif¾ § w.ue;slu wysñ ú‚' tfy;a is,aúfhd fn¾¨iafldks 2009 jif¾ § k{Ok;{ Og Êm{{[O: foaYmd,k mlaIh ks¾udKh lrñka tys kdhl;ajh
fydnjkq ,eìh' tfia lrkq ,enqfha 1993 jif¾ mgka Tyq isá f*da¾id bgd,shd mlaIhg
wkqm%dma;sl jk whqßks'
fn¾¨iafldksj jir 2009 fkdjeïn¾ ui isg 2011 fkdjeïn¾ udih olajd Ô 8 ^Ü 8& rgj,aj, jvd;a fcHIaG;u kdhlhd f,io ms<s.kq ,enqfha
Tyqjh' 1994 jk úg b;d,s foaYmd,k lr,sfha uqÿka ysks fm;a;gu ke.Sfï jdikd .=Kh fkdwvqj ,eì‚' 1994 jif¾ § úOdhl
uka;%K iNdjg Tyqj m%:u jrg f;dard m;a lrkq ,enQ w;r ta yd iu.u meje;ajqKq
md¾,sfïka;= ue;sjrKfha § ,o úch.%yKfhka b;d,sfha w.ue;sjrhd f,ig Èjqreï ÿkafkah'
Tyq b;d,sfha 50 jk w.ue;sjrhd jYfhka o m%lgh' flfia fyda yjq,a foaYmd,k mlaI w;r mekke.=Kq wNHka;r u;fNaohka fya;= fldg f.k
udi kjhlg miq leìkÜ uKav,h ì| jeá‚'
2012 jif¾ § f*da¾íia
cd;Hka;r iÕrdj u.ska m%ldY lr isáfha Tyq f,dalfha isák Okj;=kaf.ka 194 jeks
Okj;d nj;a b;d,sfha tjlg isá yh jk Okj;d nj;a Tyq wefußldkq fvd,¾ ì,shk 6'2l OkialkaOhlg ysñlï lshk
nj;ah'
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w.ue;sjrhd ms<sn|j fmd;la ,shkakg ;rï f;dr;=re fj;;a wjika jYfhka i|yka l< hq;=j we;af;a
2013 cQks ui 24 jeksod Widúfha § nd,jhialdr wNsidßldjl fj; uqo,a f.jd ,sx.slj yeisreKq
jrog jrolre f,i ms<s.ekqfKka i;a wjqreÿ isro~qjula mkjkq ,eì‚' tfiau Tyqg ld¾hd, Ôú;ho ;ykï
flß‚' flfia kuq;a kvq jdrhkays§
fy<sorõ jQ ldrKhla f,ig udOH úiska
yqjd olajkq ,nk ;j ldrKhla fjhs' tkï t,a uyre.a f.ka fn¾¨iafldks ,nd.;a fiajdjka i|yd wehg hqfrda
ñ,shk 4'5 la f.jd we;s njhs'
wdpd¾h mqIamd rï,kS
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