fï ìhlre Ôùka
ienEjgu ñysu; ießierejdo @
h:d¾:h yd ;d¾lsl;ajh
m%Yak lsÍug ,la lrkq ,nk" mßl,amk nqoaêfha ksï j<¨ mq¿,a lrkakd jQo"
wikakka mjd ìfhka ;e;s.kajk hï hï ìysiqKq Ôùka ms<sn|j l,ska l,g m<jk
mqj;aj,ska we;eïjd idjoH nj Tmamq jqKo" ;j;a we;eïjd fndfyda úg úi|d.;
fkdyels m%fya,slduh isÿùï f,i
iudch ;=< uq,a nei .;af;ah' fun÷ úi|d.; fkdyels .=ma; Ôùka yd iïnkaO isÿùï
flfrys ñksid fl;rï wdYla; jkafkao h;a" tjeks w;aN+; Ôùka ld,h;a iu. iudc
ixialD;shka ;=< ms<sis| .;a úYajdihka njg m;a jkafka ta f;audfldg .;a Ñ;%mg"
fmd;am;a" jd¾;d jevigyka yd we;eïúg .S;hka mjd
ks¾udKh ùug bv i,iajd,ñks' mDÓúh u; ienEjgu ießierE nj lshk fun÷ w;aN+; Ôùka
weiska ÿgq nj lshkakka bÈßm;a jqjo ;j;a we;euqka lshd isákqfha fudjqyq ienEu
Ôùka fkdj olskakdf.a wê l%shdldÍ mßl,amkh ;=<ska ìys jQ uk#l,ams; Ôùka
nj;ah' lreKq ljrla jqjo fï wm ierfikafka ñysu; l,l§ ÿgq nj lshk tn÷ .=ma;
.;
ls,sfmd<k
w;aN+; Ôùka lsysm fokl= iu. Tnj ijdßhla f.k hdugh'
fvdaj¾ hlaIhd
1977 wfma%,a 21 yd
22 hk Èkj,§ tlsfklska iajdëk jQ wjia:d foll§ ueipqfiÜiays fvdaj¾ k.rfha§ ÿgq nj
lshk fï wreu mqÿu Ôúhdf.a widudkH iajrEmh fndfyda ÿrg msgilaj, Ôúfhl=g iudk jk
fyhska i;H f,iu ta msgilaj< Ôúfhl=o ke;fyd;a lsishï m¾fhaIKhl m%;sM,hla f,i
ìys jQ udkj msgilaj< Ôù fouqyqulao" tfia;a ke;fyd;a fjk;a mßudKhlska
meñ‚ i;ajfhlao hkd§ jYfhka úúO u; m<j ;sì‚' Èh,nq f.ähla fuka wiudkqmd;sl jQ
oejeka; ysilskao È<sfik ;eô,s meye weia hqj<lskao È.á isyska weÕs,sj,ska
hq;= È.= isyska oE;aj,ska hq;= W!f.a YÍrh frdauj,ska f;dr jQ tfy;a je,s
lrodishla fuka f.dfrdaiq núka hq;= jQo nj lshefõ'
kdih" lkafm;s
fyda uqLh hkd§ uqyqKq wx. ,laIKj,ska f;drjQo wä ;=kl Wilskao hq;= jQ nj lshk
fvdaj¾ hlaIhd Wl=iafil=f.a yd kd.fhl=f.a msôk Yíoh ñY%s; jQ ìhlre Yíohla ksl=;a
lrk nj lshefõ'
c¾is hlaIhd
weußldfõ ol=KqÈ.
ksõc¾is ys ‘mhska nerka’ m%foaYfha .ejiqKq nj lshk ksõc¾is hlaIhd ms<sn|
ckm%jdoh l%s'j' 1800 jljdkqfjka werô úisjk Y;j¾Ih f;la kqÿre w;S;hg Èjhkakls'
mshEöfï yelshdje;s nj lshk jjqf,l= fuka mshdm;ao" wYajfhl=f.a fuka jQ
uqyqKlska yd l=rj,skao iuka ú; ÈúmdÈlfhl= jk c¾is hlaIhd ms<sn| ckm%jdoh
meje; tkqfha ‘,Sâia uE‚hka’ f,i ye¢kafjk tu m%foaYfha úiQ hlafoiaishla yd
iïnkaO isÿùulska nj lshefõ' ish oi;=ka jk orejdg Wm; fok wjia:dfõ§
uka;%dkqNdjfhka hlaIhd le|jd isá ,Sâiaf.a tu orejd Wmka flfkysu hlaI iajrEmhla
iys; ìysiqKq Ôúfhl= njg mßj¾;kh ù wi, jQ mhska nerka jk ,eyeng mshUd .sh nj uqL
mrïmrd.;j mej; tk ckl;d foia fohs' 1900 jljdkqfõ§ fuu wukqIHdo" W!f.a wä
igyka o ÿgq njo lshkakjqka fndfyda jQ w;r" c¾is m%foaYfha isÿ jQ i;aj
>d;k" w;aN+; wä igyka yd jßkajr wefikakg jQ ìhlre Yíohkag j.lsj hq;=
njg iel flfrk ,oafoao c¾is hlaIhdh'
*a,eÜjqâ rdlaIhd
*a,eÜjqâ rdlaIhd hkq
lsishï msgilaj, Ôù m%fNaohla hkakg jk woyila uq,a neif.k we;af;a" 1952
iema;eïn¾ udifha 12 od ngysr j¾ðkshdfõ n%elaiagla ck mofha *a,eÜjqâ k.rfha
msgilaj< hdkhla ießierE nj lshk ia:dkhla wi,§ lsysmjrlau fudyq oel .ekSug
,eìu ksihs'
wä oyhl oejeka;
Wilskao r;a meyefhka È,sfik uqyqKlskao fyì *a,eÜjqâ rdlaIhd fld< meye;s
isrerlg Wreulï lSfjls' yoj;a yevfha .;a uqyqfKaa jQ wukqIHdldrfha oEia hqj<
ÿgqjka ìfhka i,s; lrjkakla jQ kuqÿ ñksia YÍrhlg fndfyda ÿrg yevfhka iudk jQ
isrerlskao hq;= njg
ms<s.efkk
*a,eÜjqâ
rdlaIhd ieriS isák
nj lshkqfha idhla jeks w÷re meye i¿jlsks'
nluQKq ñksid
Èkh 1976 wfma%,a 17
odh' ia:dkh" fldakafjda,a ys ‘uõkdka’ foajia:dk l=¨khs' 1978 jif¾ wf.daia;= udih olajdu fulS m%foaYfha fuu wreu mqÿu nluQKq
ñksid ÿgq njg idlaIH tug we;s w;r tys we;s wyUqj jkqfha tu o¾Ykh ùï ish,a,
uõkdka foajia:dkh wjgu isÿ ùuhs' ñksfil=g m%udKfhka iudk jQo È.= W,ajQ ijka
fm;s
hqj<lskao"
r;a meye weiaj,skao veys w~qjla jka jQ l¿ meye ksh myqrej,skao hq;= nluQKq
ñksid foay ,laIK wkqj fndfyda ÿrg kElï lshk ,oafoa ;j;a m%lg w;aN+; Ôúfhl= jk
‘i,n ñksidghs’' lemS fmfkk fjki kï nluQKq ñksid i;=j w¿ meye;s oejeka; mshdm;a
hqj<la ;sìuhs' i,n ñksid yd nluQKq ñksid hk Ôùka fofldÜGdihu ÿgq njg jk
isoaêka w;r jk ;j;a iudklula jkqfha tn÷ Ôùka o¾Ykh jQ ia:dkj,ska msgilaj<
hdkd ms<sn| f;dr;=re o jd¾;d ùuh'
lgqiq ñksid
ìysiqKqNdjh w;ska
fuu ,ehsia;=fõ fmruqK .kakd lgqiq ñksid kue;s ukqIHdN w;aN+; Ôúhd ol=Kq
lefrd,skdfõ ‘,S ckmofha’ j.=reìï m%foaYj,§ o¾Ykh jQ nj lshefjkafkls' 1988 cQks
29 od uq,ajrg o¾Ykh jQ fudyq wjikajrg o¾Ykh jQ njg jd¾;d jkafka 2008 fmnrjdß
udifha§h' wä y;hs wÕ,a foll oejeka; Wilskao fld< meye fldr<j,ska jeis
Yla;su;a yeäoeä isreßkao È,sfik r;ameye oEiaj,skao hq;= lgqiq ñksidf.a mdo yd
oE;aj, weÕs,s ;=k ne.ska msysgd we;af;a isria ì;a;s u;ska ke. hdug;a t,a,S
isàug;a yelsjk wdldrhg tu weÕs,s mg,hlska tlsfkl yd ne£ hk f,ih'
lgqiq ñksidf.a
wkfmalaIs; m%ydrhkag ,laj Ôj;a ùfï jdikdj ,enQjka lshd isák wdldrhg Tyq i;=j
we;af;a idudkH ñksfil=g ;sìh fkdyels wdldrfha wiSñ; Yla;shls'
nkahsma
´iag%ේ,shdfõ wefndarðka ñ:Hd l:dj, iq,Nj i|yka jk
fuu oejeka; rdlaIhd j.=reìï" c,h wdY%s; fmfoiaj,g wrla.;a iqkLfhl=f.a fuka
uqyqKlao" wYajfhl=f.a fuka j,a.hlao" wxj,ska fyda o< hq.,lskao
;drdjl=f.a fuka fydghlskao hq;= úrEmS i;ajfhl= f,i ye¢ka fõ' 1848 § nkshsma
ms<sn|j uq,ajrg m< jQ mqj;am;a ,smshlska fuu Ôúhdj úia;r lrk ,oafoa
c,fha§ f.ïfnl= fuka msyskSfuyso f.dvìfuys§ ish lh iDcqj ;ndf.k msgqmi jQ
Yla;su;a .d;%d hq.,ska ke.S isg weú§ug yels wä 12-13 olajd jQ w;s oejeka;
Wilska hq;= uD.fhl= f,ih'
is.aìka
ms,smSk
ckm%jdohkaf.a yuqjk ñksiqkaf.a fijKe,s wdydrhg .ksñka ish f.dÿrej, reêrh Wrd
fndk nj lshefjk ‘is.aìka’ kue;s rdlaIhd ish ysi miqmi .d;%d w;r iÕjd .ksñka
msgqmig weúÈk widudkH wdldrfha Ôúfhls' woDYHudkj isàfï yelshdfjka hq;= is.aìka
fmkqfuka o< jYfhka wx rys; t¿fjl= fuka nj;a" Tyq i;=j oE;a fuka fi,úh
yels È.= lkafm;s hqj<lao" lihla jka jQ È.= j,a.hla o we;af;l= f,i
ms,smSk ckm%jdofha úia;r flf¾' tmuKlao fkdj jukh we;s lrjkiq¨ ÿ¾.kaOhla o jykh lrñka
f.dÿre i|yd l=vd <uqka fidhd ovhfï hk nj lshefjk fï ìhlre Ôúhdg fndfydaÿrg iudk Ôù u<
isrerla 2005 jif¾§ fnda¾ksfhda ys úoHd{hska msßila úiska fidhd .kq ,eì‚'
lekafõ Èjhsfka uD.hd
1954 fkdjeïn¾
udifha§ ì%;dkHfha lekafõ Èjhsfka fjr<g fia§ ú;a f.dv.id ;snqKq widudkH
wkaofï Ôù u< isrer i;=j jQfha r;= meye ÿUqre iulska jeiqKq mQ¾j .d;%d rys;
YÍrhlao msg;g fkrd .sh oEia yd lru,a o md weÕs,s mylska hq;= jQ wYaj l=r jka jQ
miq mi mdo hq.,hlah' 1955 §o h<s;a fuhdldrfhau Ôù u< isrerla fidhd .kq
,enQ w;r th wä 2'4 l È.lska hq;= jQ w;r miqmi .d;%d hq., fomhska iDcqj isg
.ekSu yd ixprKh i|yd fyd¢ka wkqj¾;kh ù ;sìu lemS fmks‚' m<uq Ôù u< isrer
ukd wOHhkhlska miqj mq¿iaid oukq ,enQ nj lshjqKo fojk isrerg l=ula isÿùo hkakg
meyeÈ,s lsÍula bÈßm;aj ke;'
t¿ ñksid
udkjhkaf.a yd
t¿jkaf.a hk fofldÜGdifhau wx.,laIK leá lr .;a ìhlre fouqyqula f,i ie,flk wx yd
l=r .eiqKq mdoj,ska hq;= t¿ ñksid .%Sl ñ:Hd l:djkaf.a tk mqrdK kr wYajhkag
fmkqñka iudkjQo" Tjqka ms<sn| flfrk kQ;k w¾: oelaùula f,i we;euqka
ye¢kajqjo t¿ ñksid hkq ñ:Hd m%nkaOhla fkdjk nj meyeÈ,sh' f,hska uiska iEÿKq f,a msmdifhka fmf<k È.= f,daufhka .ejiqKq
YÍrhlskao hq;= t¿ ñksid ÿgq njg jk jd¾;d uq,skau m< jkqfha 1957 § m%skaia
fcda¾Ê m<df;a ‘f*driaÜú,a’ m%foaYfhks' È.ska È.gu t¿ ñksid ÿgq njg
idlaIslrejka bÈßm;a ùu;a iu. ál l,la ksy~j isá t¿ ñksid h<s;a jrla ysi Tijkqfha
1962 jif¾§h' ta <uqka fodf<dia fofkl=o we;=¿jo y;r fofkl= ïf,aÉP f,i >d;kh lrñks'
isÿùfuka Èú .,jd .;a;jqka wkkH;dj ryilaj ;nd .ksñka lshd isákqfha ish w; /¢ fmdfrdfjka ish f.dÿre lS;=
lS;= f,i t¿ ñksid úiska lene,s lrk ,oafoa hlaIfhl=g wkkH jQ ìysiqKq Yíohla ksl=;a lrñka njh'
m%shka;s reøs.=
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